What are Emaki? Emaki Productions ¥ The website of Neil Cohn
Introduction What is Visual Language? Research
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Visual Language Reference Bibliography

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Multimodality of Text and Image

Image Make-up

Layout/Reading Order

General Theory

Child Development and Acquisition

Reviewed Articles


For frequently updated writings on visual language and reviews of many of these references, visit my blog:
The Visual Linguist

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General Theory

This page has works relating to general visual language theory, such as the categorization and identification of the medium.

If you have any works to add, please email me.


Barber, John. 2002. The Phenomenon of Multiple Dialectics in Comics Layout. Masters Thesis, London College of Printing.

Cohn, Neil. 2003. Early Writings on Visual Language. Berkeley, CA: Emaki Productions

Cohn, Neil. 2003. A Language by Any Other Name... Emaki Productions

Cohn, Neil. 2004. Art vs. Language: A Battle of Cultural Proportions. Comixpedia, Vol. 2.7.2

Cohn, Neil. 2005. "Un-Defining 'Comics.'" International Journal of Comic Art, Vol. 7.2

Eisner, Will. 1985. Comics & Sequential Art. Florida: Poorhouse Press

Horrocks, Dylan. 2001. Inventing Comics: Scott McCloud Defines the Form in Understanding Comics. The Comics Journal #234. Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics Books Inc

McCloud, Scott. 1993. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York, NY: Harper Collins Inc

McCloud, Scott. 2000. Reinventing Comics. New York, NY: Paradox Press

Natsume, Fusanosuke. 1997. Manga wa naze omoshiroi no ka [Why are Manga Fascinating?: Their visual idioms and grammar]. Tokyo: NHK Library

Saraceni, Mario. 2000. Language Beyond Language: Comics as verbo-visual texts. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Nottingham

Töpffer, Rodolphe. [1845] 1965. Enter: The Comics: Rodolphe Töpffer's Essay on Physiognomy and The True Story of Monsieur Crépin. Ellen Wiese (Editor and Translator). Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press

Woo, Benjamin. 2004. Untangling Comics. Undergraduate Honors Thesis, Queen's University


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